What is meant by the term multiplier effect in tourism?

(i) touristry give the bounce lead to a multiplier factor order. What is meant by the term multiplier effect? (4)The term multiplier effect refers to the resulting effect of a service or amenity creating further wealth or confident(p) effects in an bea. For example, touristry in an area ordain create jobs in an area, thitherfore the employees of the tourism industry lead have some extra money to spend on other services, and therefore improving these other services in that area, al deplorableing further enjoyment in the area.(ii) Explain with examples how tourism can lead to a variety of employment types, at the point of informant or name and address. (9)In either area, tourism provide require batch to create the tourism experience and enhance the visitors enjoyment of the location. Firstly, the origin of the traveller, for example, the UK, allow create its own employment opportunities even before reaching the destination. The travel agent which books the holiday is only the first step. The bank or finance service with which the individual obtains the money from in site to fund the holiday will also play a major role in the process, whilst also creating jobs at home.For the security and safety of the passenger, medical services and insurance will also be essential to make sure the trip is not disrupted to a great extent should illness or theft, for example, be an occurrence on their excursion. Secondly, the employees of the destinations airport or sea port al humbleing the transition from transport to furtherance destination goes as smoothly as possible. After this the hoteliers, caterers, porters and cleaners at the hotel will be take to encourage a further visit to the area, as if the stay in the hotel is favourable, many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) great deal will be enticed to return on future holidays, therefore generating further revenue for the hotel and local services.During their stay the tourists will require entertainment, an opportunity to sample the local food and possibly see the sights the area has to offer by taking a guided tour or coach tour of the surroundings, all of which require people (hopefully local to avoid leakage of revenue back to MEDCs) to man the activities and therefore will create employment in the local area. The need for personalised service, untold(prenominal) as cosmos waited upon, or having a personal tour guide means that the tourism industry is likely to employ many people during the descent of the high season. This means that the people involved with tourism for the most place will have to prove employment elsewhere, as the tourist season is concentrated in the peak season (mostly summer for areas much(prenominal) as Southern Spain, however for skiing or winter activities in areas such(prenominal) as Switzerland or Austria, this whitethorn differ).The tourist work is also likely to be temporary from year to year, low pay and informal, with payment cash in hand. Thi s would indicate a transient industry and would suggest that the host realm would benefit from a diversified industry a panache from tourism, such as exporting oranges, wine and plaza cars in Spain, however their most prolific industry is tourism, with many Europeans seeking winter sun in the Costas.B.The scotch benefits of tourism almost always outweigh the environmental costs. Discuss (20)Firstly, we should consider the economic benefits of tourism for a country. As an example of this, I shall use Spain, a key destination for many Europeans. Indeed, revenue from tourism in May 2000 reached $2654 million (3158 million), an increase of 22% over May 1999. The first five months of 2000 axiom a revenue increase of 9% over the same period in 1999, totalling $9.6 billion (11.5 billion). This is manifestly a huge figure, and is Spains key industry, as is true of the rest of the world, as can be seen in China, a country not renowned for its tourist industry, however China earned 28.8 billion kwai ($3.5 billion) in tourism revenue over the week- ample Labour Day holiday as nearly 74 million people took to the road (LatelineNews 5.9.01), however much of Chinas tourism appears to be from within the country, unlike Spain where much of the tourists come from the surrounding countries and much of northern Europe, for example Germany, France and England.The destination country gains huge benefits from the influx of tourists onto its shores. non only does the countrys revenue increase by a large amount, but there is a great employment rate as the tourism industry is so labour intensive, creating a multiplier effect in the region, allowing economic growth and other services to develop to serve both the locals and the tourists alike. An improved bag is developed which the locals can benefit from, for example airports and better roads, as can be seen in destinations such as Fuerteventura, an island in the Canary Islands, which has experienced tourism only over the las t ten eld or so. Even now, there is rapid and continual growth, with new tarmac covered roads being created everyday, as a pose to the original dirt tracks still in evidence today, however, work continues.However, it is primary(prenominal) that the heritage and traditional culture of the area is not lost altogether. In some areas, such as Majorca, its main city, Palma has disappeared amongst Irish pubs, clubs and a concrete jungle of high rise apartments for a mass tourism experience. In this case, the real culture of the region has disappeared altogether, at least along the sea front. In the main part of the city there is a beautiful cathedral, which has been there since the first Spanish settlers. This type of culture, the language of the people and the local traditions, such as the siesta need to be retained, before the experience of a holiday hold ups a home from home experience in other words, a warmer version of the origin country, such as the UK. This is why eco-tourism an d other types of alternative tourism such as Antarctica and quiet city breaks have become more popular.There are other downsides to tourism for a host country apart from the privation of heritage. Firstly, the amount of people tourism attracts is vast, up to 59million in Spain alone in 2000. (Source Ministerio de Economa y Hacienda). This may sound good, however if each tourist rented a car or took a bus to their destination hotel or villa, then the less developed infrastructure of the country will not necessarily be able to cope with the massive influx of traffic, normally in a very limited station and time frame (i.e. peak season, and near the popular destination in the host country, such as the coast). This will have an inevitable result of creating air pollution in the immediate area.The local resources will also be stretched to the limit as the world capacity (both physical and perceptual capacity) is reached. In many of the destination countries, the body of water supplie s are short being in a warmer region than most. hence the water supplies are put in jeopardy as the tourists take up much of the populations water supply, leaving the local population to survive on very little. Obviously this is not an issue in some of the cooler climates, such as Austria where skiing is the main attraction, and the area itself is much more fast than some of the areas I am generalising, such as Spain or Greece. Another key problem is the way in which the tourism industry attracts people from outside of the cities and tourist resorts, such as farmers and rural communities, whom are attracted to the money being generated in the highly density tourist attractions. This will also increase pollution, population and pressure on the area.With the mass of people being attracted to an area, the more housing and other buildings are unavoidable to facilitate these employees, tourists and other groups. The environment is therefore detrimentally affected as the buildings dest roy habitats, which along the coastlines of many countries can prove to be areas of natural beauty, which are covered by tourist resorts, in a matter of a few years from the start of tourism in a country aimed at this type of mass tourism. These mass resorts need an outlet for the waste they produce as much as three times as much waste as is produced by the country in low season, an indication of the environmental impact that the tourists have on an area.Therefore, it is evident that there are both exacting and negative economic (in the form of economic carrying capacity being too low in low season) effects, which appear to outweigh the highly negative effects on the environment in the host country. Indeed, there is a need for a review on how to create a sustainable solution to the inconsistency between the two aspects of a countrys development. If a satisfactory conclusion is not met in relation to sustaining the environment in a given area, it is unlikely that the tourism indust ry will survive as the tourists will be repelled by the poor environmental quality. Sustainable ecotourism or simply a reinvention of the processes involved in transport, waste disposal and the impact the tourist has on the environment need to be implemented in order to create a tourist destination which will last the host country long enough to become established and diversified in many industries.